Sunday, July 19, 2020

Breakthrough: The Ideas That Changed the World

PBS BBC · 2018 · Narrator: Patrick Stewart

Take a mind-blowing journey through human history, told through six iconic inventions that modern people take for granted, and see how science, invention, and technology built on one another to change everything.

This series spotlights the history of engineering, which aligns nicely with the NGSS emphasis on engineering. While Patrick Stewart narrates, there is refreshing representation among the various presenters who appear throughout the series.

Breakthrough: The Ideas That Changed the Word on Teachers Pay Teachers

E P I S O D E S

1. THE TELESCOPE 
Episode 1 tells the story of the development of the telescope, from a stone-age observatory to the space-based telescopes of the future.

Scholars Derrick Pitts (The Franklin Institute), Brett Salmon & Dan Coe (Space Telescope Science Institute), Fabio Silva (Bournemouth University), Shelley James (Glass Artist), Jim Al-Khalili (University of Surrey), Binh Danh (San Jose State University), and Lindsay Smith Zrull (Harvard Observatory) tell us the story of the telescope.

It entails long-abandoned Stone Age dolmens once used as celestial calendars, how Venetians made glass transparent, the optics of a medieval Persian camera obscura, a Dutch lens maker’s wartime breakthrough and a Venetian math teacher’s advancement of it, a Parisian invention improved by a spilled bottle of mercury, a team of women known as human computers who were armed with fly spankers, an athlete-turned-astronomer working high above Los Angeles, and telescope in space that will allow us to see as far as physics will allow.

Episode 1 "breakthrough celebrities" include Galileo Galilei, Edwin Hubble, Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Louis Daguerre, Hans Lippershey, and Ibn al-Haytham.

2. THE AIRPLANE (AEROPLANE)
Episode 2 tells the story of the development of the airplane, from early human-powered attempts to the jet concepts of the future.

Experts Brandon Mikesell (Wingsuit Pilot), Shini Somara (Fluid Dynamicist), Tiera Fletcher (Aerospace Engineer), Ross Franquemont (U-2 Pilot), Dana Thomas (Operational Physiologist), and Richard Browning (Inventor) tell the story of how the airplane came to be and where it appears to be headed.

It involves a ninth-century moorish daredevil’s first attempt at human flight, how we had tails before we had wings, an artist obsessed with anatomy and flight, a whirling arm in the stairwell of a seaside mansion, the rubber band’s role in flight, the curve of a stork's wing, a connection to maritime technology and the gyroscope, the use of a deep-sea diving suit to fly high, why modern pilots are pressure tested, and the surprising efficiency of the jet propulsion gas turbine.

Episode 2 "breakthrough celebrities" include Leonardo da Vinci, Wilbur Wright, Orville Wright, George Cayley, James Doolittle, Wiley Post, Frank Whittle, Elmer Sperry, Lawrence Sperry, Otto Lilienthal, Alphonse Penaud, and Ibn Firnas.

3. THE ROBOT 
In episode 3, Locutus of Borg tells the story of the development of the robot. Well, Patrick Stewart is the series narrator, so... close enough!

Experts Jim Meigs (Science Writer), Jim Al-Khalili (Physicist), Liang Zhipeng (Engineer and Musician), Sydney Padua (Graphic Novelist), Chris Burton (Electrical Engineer), Jennifer Trosper (Aerospace Engineer), Danielle George (Radio Frequency Engineer), Owen Holland (Robotics Scientist), Rodney Brooks (Robotics Engineer), Johannes Englsberger (Robotics Engineer), and Giorgio Matar (Robotics Scientist) tell the story of how the robot came to be, and where it seems to be heading next.

It involves the ancient legend of Hephaestus and rudimentary Greek automatons, a device that could learn a new tune and repeat it exactly, a desire to produce navigation tables by steam, the linguistic contribution of a Slavic cubist painter, the breakthrough of storage for programs, an imitation game, an electronic tortoise, a mission to Mars, a nuclear disaster in Japan, and the challenges of balance and hands.

Episode 3 "breakthrough celebrities" include Alan Turing, Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, Hero of Alexandria, William Grey Walter, The Banû Mûsâ brothers.

4. THE CAR 
Episode 4 tells the story of the development of the car, from ancient sleds powered by primitive dogs to autonomous vehicles powered by graphene batteries. Gary Numan was not available for the narration, so Patrick Stewart handled the voice-over.

Experts Alice Roberts (Biological Anthropologist), Danny Forster (Architect), Robert Hurford (Wheelwright), Jim Al-Khalili (Physicist), Jutta Kleinschmidt (Dakar Rally Winner), Chris Gerdes (Mechanical Engineer), and Richard Kaner (Chemist) tell the story of how the car came to be, and where it seems to be heading next.

It involves ancient arctic sled dogs, the pairing the axle to the wheel, the smelting of metals from rocks, the spreading of a language, the need to pump water out of mines, the boring of naval canons, a stunt carried out by an inventor’s wife, the efficiencies of a slaughterhouse, and the promise of graphene.

Episode 4 "breakthrough celebrities" include Henry Ford, Karl Benz, Bertha Benz, James Watt, Thomas Edison, John Wilkinson, Thomas Newcomen, and Jay Leno.

5. THE ROCKET 
Episode 5 tells the story of the development of the rocket, from ancient guano-powered fireworks to plasma rockets with magnetic confinement.

Experts Richard Garriott (Entrepreneur and Private Astronaut), Jim Al-Khalili (Physicist), Danielle George (Radio Frequency Engineer), Tiera Fletcher (Aerospace Engineer), and Franklin Chang Díaz (Astronaut) tell the story of how the rocket came to be, and where it seems to be heading next.

It involves the use of bat guano from Chinese caves to drive off evil spirits,a modern-day celebratory rocket battle in Greece, a work of fiction by a famous astronomer, an imaginative tale about a trip to the moon, a visionary living in rural Russia, a breakthrough in dairy processing technology, a loophole in an international treaty, a repurposing of firefighting equipment, internal Soviet geopolitical subterfuge that stoked the Space Race, and plasma engines that could transport humanity to other worlds.

Episode 5 "breakthrough celebrities" include Robert Goddard, Werner Von Braun,

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Jules Verne, Ti Tian, Sergei Korolov, Karl Gustav, Thomas Harriot, and Johannes Kepler.

6. THE SMARTPHONE 
Episode 6 tells the story of the development of the smartphone, from the fall of Carthage to brain-interfaced apps of the future.

Experts Saul David (Historian), Nadya Mason (Physicist), Danielle George (Radio Frequency Engineer), Jim Meigs (Science Writer), and Tan Le (Inventor & Technology Entrepreneur) tell the story of how the smartphone came to be, and where it appears to be heading next.

It involves ancient Roman battlefield communications, a painter-turned-inventor who devised a code still in use today, a groundbreaking technology whose rightful inventor had to be settled by the US Supreme Court, an obsessive inventor who found treasure in another scientist’s trash, a quirky keyboard talking machine, a Hollywood starlet who was also a prolific inventor keen to defeat the Nazis, the miniaturization of a circuit invented by an engineer who hadn’t yet earned vacation time, and a father eager to share a photograph of his newborn daughter with friends and family.

Episode 6 "breakthrough celebrities" include Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, Guglielmo Marconi, Hedy LaMarr, George Antheil, Jack Kilby, Polybius, Philippe Kahn, Homer Dudley, and Elisha Gray as the Beaver. (I've resisted adding that tag at the end of the celebrities list for the entire series so cut me a little slack here!)

Question sets are available for individual episodes. The complete series bundle is available at a discounted price. Student documents and answer keys are provided as Google Docs on Google Drive.

The BBC version is titled Revolution: The Ideas That Changed the World.

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